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A Note on -Genocchi Polynomials and Numbers of Higher Order
Advances in Difference Equations volume 2010, Article number: 309480 (2010)
Abstract
We investigate several arithmetic properties of -Genocchi polynomials and numbers of higher order.
1. Introduction and Preliminaries
Recently, Kim [1] studied -Genocchi and Euler numbers using Fermionic -integral and introduced related applications. Kim [2] also gives the -extensions of the Euler numbers which can be viewed as interpolating of -analogue of Euler zeta function at negative integers and gives Bernoulli numbers at negative integers by interpolating Riemann zeta function. These numbers are very useful for number theory and mathematical physics. Kim [3, 4] studied -Bernoulli numbers and polynomials related to Gaussian binomial coefficient and studied also some identities of -Euler polynomials and -stirling numbers. Kim [5] made Dedekind DC sum in the meaning of extension of Dedekind sum or Hardy sum and introduced lots of interesting results. The purpose of this paper is to investigate several arithmetic properties of -Genocchi polynomials and numbers of higher order.
Let be a fixed odd prime. Throughout this paper , , , and will, respectively, denote the ring of rational integers, the ring of -adic rational integers, the field of -adic rational numbers, and the completion of algebraic closure of . Let be the normalized exponential valuation of with When one talks of -extension, is variously considered as an indeterminate, a complex number or a -adic number . If one normally assumes If then we assume so that for . We also use the notations
for all (see [5–12]). Hence, .
Let be a fixed positive integer with . We now set
where lies in . For any , we set
and this can be extended to a distribution on .
We say that is a uniformly differentiable function at a point and write , if the difference quotients have a limit as (cf. [13–23]).
For , the -adic invariant integral on is defined as
(see [14, 23]). Let and . From (1.4), we have
The -adic integral has been used in many areas such as mathematics, physics, probability theory, dynamical systems, and biological models. Especially, Khrennikov [24–26] applied to many areas using ingenious technique. The Genocchi numbers and polynomials are defined by the generating functions as follows:
(see [5, 7, 15]). The -extension of Genocchi numbers are defined by
(see [1, 2]), and the -extension of Genocchi polynomials is also given by
In Section 2, we investigate several arithmetic properties of -Genocchi polynomials and numbers of higher order.
2. -Genocchi Numbers of Higher Order
Let and with . The -Genocchi polynomials of order are defined as
where . It is easily to see that for each and . From (2.1), we can obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 2.1.
Let and . Then for all ,
From Theorem 2.1, if we take , then
Now, we define -Genocchi number of higher order as follows:
From (2.4), we can derive the following theorem.
Theorem 2.2.
Let and . Then one has
where .
Note that , where are the ordinary Genocchi numbers of order defined as
By (2.4) and (2.5), we can obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 2.3.
Let . Then one has
It is easily to check that
where with . Thus we have the following theorem.
Theorem 2.4.
Let with . Then for all ,
We note that if we take , then we have
where . By (2.10), we easily see that
Note that , where are the th Genocchi numbers defined as
From (2.11), we can see that
Let be the generating function of as follows:
By (2.7) and (2.14), we see that
By (2.14) and (2.15), we can obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 2.5.
Let . Then for all ,
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Acknowledgment
This paper was supported by KOSEF (2009-0073396, 2009-A419-0065).
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Jang, LC., Hwang, KW. & Kim, YH. A Note on -Genocchi Polynomials and Numbers of Higher Order. Adv Differ Equ 2010, 309480 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/309480
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/309480