New general integral transform via Atangana–Baleanu derivatives

The current paper is about the investigation of a new integral transform introduced recently by Jafari. Specifically, we explore the applicability of this integral transform on Atangana–Baleanu derivative and the associated fractional integral. It is shown that by applying specific conditions on this integral transform, other integral transforms are deduced. We provide examples to reinforce the applicability of this new integral transform.


Introduction
Fractional calculus is regarded as an extension of integer calculus in the sense that it permits the order of the derivative or integral to be a fraction. The idea of having a fractional order derivative did not make practical sense in the real world, thus the subject of fractional calculus was mainly reserved for mathematicians for a long time since its discovery [1][2][3].
The definition of the fractional derivative is in itself a developing concept. Numerous definitions have been suggested for the fractional derivative, with almost each definition possessing some form of deficiency. It is generally believed that the choice of the derivative used is dictated by the situation that is being modelled.
Since it was discovered that the fractional derivative can be successfully applied to practical problems, it is the Caputo derivative that has been used the most. The only shortcoming of the Caputo derivative is the singularity issue. Other fractional derivatives that have this singularity problem are Riemann-Liouville, Caputo-Hadamard, and Riesz (see [1-3, 15, 16]). In a bid to address the singularity concern, the Caputo-Fabrizio derivative was proposed [17,18], this derivative eliminated the singularity problem through the use of an exponential kernel. Atangana and Baleanu replaced the exponential kernel by the Mittag-Leffler function to create another non-singular kernel derivative called the Atangana-Baleanu derivative. More detailed discussions encompassing both theory and applications of the non-singular derivatives are found in [19][20][21][22][23][24]. In [5,[25][26][27][28], the authors discuss the uniqueness and existence of fractional differential equations.
To fully harness the capability of fractional differential equations in modelling problems that arise in the real world, it is imperative that we have methods of solutions that are computationally inexpensive, easily accessible and highly accurate. Integral transforms are some of the techniques that have proven their worth, as they are regarded to be easy to implement and demand reasonable labour in terms of computations.
Integral transforms offer an alternative to integration in the solution of differential equations. The integral transform maps the domain of the original problem into a different domain consisting of an algebraic equation that is normally easy to manipulate. Taking the inverse of the new domain results in the solution of the original problem [29].
There are different types of integral transforms that are used in the solution of differential equations, but it is the Laplace transform that is mostly applied. Most of the integral transforms that have been suggested are extensions of the Laplace transform. Some of the integral transforms that are closely related to the Laplace transform are the Elzaki transform, Sumudu transform, Shehu transform, etc. [30][31][32][33][34].
Recently, a more generalized integral transform has been introduced by the second author [35]. Imposing specific conditions on this integral transform yields other integral transforms, for example, the Laplace transform, natural transform, Elzaki transform and Sawi transform [35]. To get a deeper insight into the properties and applications of this new general integral transform, we refer the reader to [35].
Our main intention in this research is to investigate the application of this new generalized integral transform in the solution of differential equations involving the Atangana-Baleanu derivative.
We structure the rest of our work in the following manner. In the next section, we provide some important mathematical concepts that will form the basis for our research. We then follow by presenting the main results of the research in section three. To reinforce the theoretical aspects of our work, we provide applications in the fourth section. A concise summary of our research findings is provided in the last section.

Preliminaries
Throughout, set and suppose that f (t) is an integrable function defined on the set A.
with the corresponding inverse, The integral transform (1) exists for all ψ(s) > k. It is simple to check that the new general integral transform is a linear operator and has many properties that are similar to other integral transforms, more detailed discussion on this can be found in [35].

Theorem 1
The integral transform F J (s) of the derivative of f (t) is given as [35], ( 2 )

Theorem 2 If F J (s) and H J (s) are general integral transforms of f (t) and h(t), respectively, then
Moreover, Proof We have Using the new general transform and the Leibniz theorem, we obtain Furthermore, the convolution of the inverse transform is Hence, , z ∈ C, Re(η) > 0 and Re(σ ) > 0.
A variant of the Mittag-Leffler function is given by Prabhakar as [36] another version of the Atangana-Baleanu derivative is stated as where η ∈ (0, 1) and K(η) represents the normalization function with the property K(0) = K(1) = 1.

Definition 3 ([19, 22]) The fractional integral associate to the fractional derivative of Atangana-Baleanu is defined by
When η = 0 we recover the initial function, and if η = 1, we obtain the ordinary integral.

New general transform for Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivatives
We present the main results of our research in this section.
Proof The new general integral transform of the function (1), we have the new general transform of the function E η (λt η ) as
Henceforth, we suppose that the function f (t) ∈ A ∩ H 1 (a, b) such that H 1 (a, b) is a Sobolev space of order one defined by

Proof Let F J (s) be the new general transform of the function f (t). Let us observe that in definition (3) we have a convolution integral,
Using Theorem 1 and applying the result obtained in Corollary 1, then

Theorem 4 The new general integral transform of the Atangana-Baleanu derivative stated in
Proof Let F J (s) be the generalized transform of the function f (t). We have

Lemma 2 The new general integral transform of the function t η-1 is given as
Proof Applying the new general integral transform of the function t η-1 , we get Let (η) be the Gamma function defined by Setting u = ψ(s)t implies du = ψ(s) dt, then Hence, Remark 2 Through the result in Lemma (2), we can deduce the Sumudu transform of the function t η-1 (see [41]) and the Shehu transform (see [40]).

Theorem 5 The general transform of the Atangana-Baleanu fractional integral of the function f (t) is given as
Proof Let F J (s) be the new general transform of the function f (t), we have According to the convolution theorem (2) and Lemma (2), we obtain,

Applications
We now substantiate the theoretical aspects that we developed in the previous section by providing practical examples.

Conclusion
We explored the feasibility of applying the generalized integral transform (Jafari transform) in fractional calculus, the Atangana-Baleanu derivative with its corresponding integral is used as a case in point. It is proved that imposing certain conditions on the Jafari transform leads to other integral transforms. To prove the applicability of this generalised integral transform, practical examples are given. This generalised integral transform resembles other integral transforms in that it is easy to implement and offers the convenience of using a table in the solution procedure of differential equations.