Figure 9

Numerical simulations of model (2) with initial values: \(x(0)=0.5\), \(y(0)=0\), \(v(0)=0.01\), and \(z(0)=0.01\), showing the time variation in each compartment of the model with varying values of e as shown in the legend (other parameters are set as in (11) except \(n=0.16\)). The simulations are carried out for two cases of infection rate, (a) low infection (\(a=0.1\)) and (b) high infection (\(a=0.5\))