Table 1 Numerical values of parameters

μ

Mortality rate for humans, not including death directly due to malaria

\(\frac{0.017}{365}\) per day

[2]

δ

The rate of human deaths due to malaria

\(\frac{0.042}{180}\) per day

[23, 25]

θ

Mortality rate for (vector) mosquitos

0.04 per day

[3, 5, 19]

A

Total human birth rate

10,000μ

Depends on the region. We assume a population of size 10,000 when disease-free.

B

Total birth rate of vector mosquitos

240,000θ

Depends on the region. We assume a population of size 0.03 million.

a

The probability of a specific human getting bitten by a mosquito during a one-day period

6.417 × 10⁻⁶

Chosen (this also depends on the region)

b

The probability that a bite by an infected mosquito will lead to a (new) human infection

0.075

[23, 25]

c

The probability that a bite on an infected human will lead to a (new) mosquito infection

0.0375

cf. [23, 25]

k

Transfer rate from I-class to R-class (recovery rate)

\(\frac{1}{180}\) per day

[5, 9, 25]

h

Transfer rate from R-class to S-class (rate of loss of temporary immunity)

\(\frac{1}{2\times 365}\) per day

[5, 9, 25]