Figure 5
From: Predator–prey pattern formation driven by population diffusion based on Moore neighborhood structure
Self-organziation and nonlinear properties of a labyrinth pattern when the parameter values are given as \(a = 1.1\), \(e_{1} = 0.3\), \(e_{2} = 0.2\), \(b = 0.38\), \(\tau = 2.5\), \(\delta = 10\), \(h = 15\), \(n= 50\). (a)–(d) Evolution of the prey pattern at transient times \(t =10\), \(t =30\), \(t = 100\), and \(t = 1000\), respectively; (e)–(g) wave diagrams, phase portrait and maximum Lyapunov exponent diagram which present same nonlinear properties like in Fig. 3