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Advances in Continuous and Discrete Models

Theory and Modern Applications

Figure 8 | Advances in Difference Equations

Figure 8

From: Fractional optimal control in transmission dynamics of West Nile virus model with state and control time delay: a numerical approach

Figure 8

The relationship between the delayed variables and the non-delayed variables by using NSFDM. The delayed variables \(M_{i}(t-\mathbf{d})\), \(S(t-\mathbf{d})\), \(H(t- \mathbf{d})\), \(u_{2}(t-\mathbf{d})\) and the non-delayed variables \(M_{i}(t)\), \(S(t)\), \(H(t)\), \(u_{2}(t)\), respectively, with \(\mathbf{d}=5\) and different α, \(\Delta t=1\)

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