Skip to main content

Theory and Modern Applications

Table 2 Comparison of exact and numerical solutions for Example 4.1, \(M=20\)

From: Approximate solution of linear Volterra integro-differential equation by using cubic B-spline finite element method in the complex plane

x

exact solution

CBS-FEM

LBS-FEM

error(CBS-FEM)

error(LBS-FEM)

0.1

0.044664 − i0.098669

0.043939 − i0.098400

0.043859 − i0.098471

0.000772

0.000827

0.2

0.174664 − i0.189418

0.172858 − i0.188849

0.172976 − i0.188978

0.001893

0.001743

0.3

0.378390 − i0.264642

0.375463 − i0.263747

0.375704 − i0.263920

0.003060

0.002781

0.4

0.637642 − i0.317356

0.633496 − i0.316141

0.633837 − i0.316343

0.004320

0.003937

0.5

0.929263 − i0.341471

0.923869 − i0.340010

0.924282 − i0.340225

0.005587

0.005134

0.6

1.227202 − i0.332039

1.220715 − i0.330492

1.221163 − i0.330704

0.006667

0.006184

0.7

1.504846 − i0.285450

1.497759 − i0.284048

1.498194 − i0.284237

0.007224

0.006760

0.8

1.737394 − i0.199574

1.730701 − i0.198543

1.731079 − i0.198696

0.006770

0.006374

0.9

1.904072 − i0.073848

1.899378 − i0.073293

1.899715 − i0.073427

0.004726

0.004376