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Theory and Modern Applications

Table 1 Variables and parameters used in the model

From: Threshold dynamics of a predator–prey model with age-structured prey

Symbol

Definition

\(U_{1}(t)\)

number of juvenile prey at time t

\(U_{2}(t)\)

number of mature prey at time t

P(t)

number of the predator at time t

\(u_{1}(t,a)\)

density of the juvenile prey at time t of age a

\(u_{2}(t,a)\)

density of the mature prey at time t of age a

\(\mu_{2}\)

per capita mortality rate of mature prey

\(\mu_{1}\)

per capita mortality rate of juvenile prey

\(\mu_{P}\)

per capita mortality rate for the predator

\(c_{1}\)

prey juvenile biomass encounter rate

\(c_{2}\)

prey adult biomass encounter rate

β

the age-specific fertility rate or birth rate

h(a)

the handling (digestion) time per unit biomass consumed

\(m_{1}\)

the per capita capture rate of juvenile prey by a searching predator

\(m_{2}\)

the per capita capture rate of mature prey by a searching predator

τ

maturation time of juvenile prey

u(t,0)

egg laying rate of mature prey

θ

maximum per capita female egg release

\(f(U_{2})\)

the effects of the predation on the fertility of mature prey: \((\theta U_{2})/(1+\theta U_{2})\)