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Advances in Continuous and Discrete Models

Theory and Modern Applications

Figure 1 | Advances in Difference Equations

Figure 1

From: Pattern self-organization and pattern transition on the route to chaos in a spatiotemporal discrete predator–prey system

Figure 1

Diagrams of (a) Hopf bifurcation, (b) maximum Lyapunov exponent (MLE), and (c) \(\lambda_{m}\), demonstrating the change of dynamical properties of the discrete system corresponding to variation of parameter τ. \(r = 0.8\), \(K = 1.8\), \(\beta= 0.6\), \(\varepsilon= 1\), \(B = 0.4\), \(w = 0.4\), \(\eta= 0.25\), \(C_{1} = 0.1\), \(C_{2} = 0.01\), \(D_{1} = 0.01\), \(D_{2} = 0.1\), \(h = 10\), and \(n = 100\)

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