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Theory and Modern Applications

Figure 10 | Advances in Difference Equations

Figure 10

From: Stability and Hopf bifurcation analysis of fractional-order complex-valued neural networks with time delays

Figure 10

Phase portrait of the real and imaginary parts of \(\pmb{z_{1}(t)}\) , \(\pmb{z_{2}(t)}\) for a fractional-order CVHNN with ring structure ( 51 ) with \(\pmb{\alpha=0.9}\) and \(\pmb{\gamma= 0.2 < \gamma_{0} = 0.3 }\) in (b) and portrait of the real and imaginary parts of \(\pmb{z_{1}(t)}\) , \(\pmb{z_{2}(t)}\) with \(\pmb{\alpha=0.9}\) and \(\pmb{\gamma= 0.45 > \gamma _{0} = 0.3 }\) in (a),(c), (d).

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