Figure 8

Stability of boundary order-1 limit cycle \(\pmb{(x^{T}(t),0)}\) . (A)-(C) Unstable boundary order-1 limit cycle with \(V_{L}=3.2\) and \(A_{h}=0.0495\); (D)-(F) Stable boundary order-1 limit cycle with \(V_{L}=2.2\) and \(A_{h}=-0.0775\). All other parameter values are fixed as follows: \(b=1.8\), \(p=1.3\), \(c =0.52\), \(\omega =0.1\), \(q =0.23\), \(\delta =0.3\), \(\theta =0.8\), \(\tau=0\).