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Theory and Modern Applications

On Stević-Sharma operator from the Zygmund space to the Bloch-Orlicz space

Abstract

Let \({\mathbb{D}}\) be the open unit disk in the complex plane \({\mathbb{C}}\), φ an analytic self-map of \({\mathbb{D}}\) and \(H({\mathbb{D}})\) the space of all analytic functions on \({\mathbb{D}}\). In order to unify the products of composition, multiplication, and differentiation operators, Stević and Sharma introduced the following so-called Stević-Sharma operator: \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }f(z)=\psi_{1}(z)f(\varphi (z))+\psi_{2}(z)f'(\varphi (z))\), \(f\in H({\mathbb{D}})\), where \(\psi_{1},\psi_{2}\in H({\mathbb{D}})\). Here we characterize the boundedness and compactness of the operator \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }\) from the Zygmund space to the Bloch-Orlicz space.

1 Introduction

Let \({\mathbb{D}}=\{z\in {\mathbb{C}}:|z|<1\}\) be the open unit disk in the complex plane \({\mathbb{C}}\) and \(H({\mathbb{D}})\) the class of all analytic functions on \({\mathbb{D}}\). Let φ be an analytic self-map of \({\mathbb{D}}\) and \(\psi\in H({\mathbb{D}})\). The weighted composition operator \(W_{\varphi ,\psi}\) on \(H({\mathbb{D}})\) is defined by

$$W_{\varphi ,\psi}f(z)=\psi(z)f\bigl(\varphi (z)\bigr),\quad z\in {\mathbb{D}}. $$

If \(\psi\equiv1\), it becomes the composition operator, usually denoted by \(C_{\varphi }\). If \(\varphi (z)=z\), it becomes the multiplication operator, usually denoted by \(M_{\psi}\). Hence, since \(W_{\varphi ,\psi}=M_{\psi}C_{\varphi }\), it is a product-type operator. A standard problem is to provide function theoretic characterizations when φ and ψ induce a bounded or compact weighted composition operator (see, e.g., [15] and the references therein).

A systematic study of other product-type operators started by Stević et al. since the publication of papers [6] and [7]. Before that there were a few papers in the topic, e.g., [8]. The differentiation operator on \(H({\mathbb{D}})\) is defined by

$$D f(z)=f'(z),\quad z\in {\mathbb{D}}. $$

The next two product-type operators \(D C_{\varphi }\) and \(C_{\varphi }D\), attracted some attention first (see, e.g., [912] and the references therein). The publication of [7] attracted some attention in product-type operators involving integral-type ones (see, e.g., [1317] and the references therein). Since that time there has been a great interest in various product-type operators on spaces of holomorphic functions. For example, the six product-type operators from Bergman spaces to Bloch type spaces

$$\begin{aligned} M_{\psi}C_{\varphi }D, \qquad M_{\psi}DC_{\varphi }, \qquad C_{\varphi }M_{\psi}D,\qquad C_{\varphi }D M_{\psi}, \qquad DC_{\varphi }M_{\psi},\qquad DM_{\psi}C_{\varphi } \end{aligned}$$
(1)

were studied by Sharma in [18]. The next product-type operators \(W_{\varphi ,\psi}D\) and \(DW_{\varphi ,\psi}\), which were considered in [19] and [20], are included in (1) as the first and sixth operators, respectively. For some other product-type operators, see, e.g., [14, 2129] and the references therein.

In order to treat operators in (1) in a unified manner, Stević and Sharma introduced the following so-called Stević-Sharma operator:

$$\begin{aligned} T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }f(z)=\psi_{1}f\bigl(\varphi (z)\bigr)+ \psi_{2}(z)f'\bigl(\varphi (z)\bigr),\quad f\in H( {\mathbb{D}}). \end{aligned}$$
(2)

For example, in [30] and [31] the operator was studied on the weighted Bergman space.

By using Stević-Sharma operator all six possible products of composition, multiplication, and differentiation operators can be obtained. More specifically we have

$$\begin{aligned}& M_{\psi}C_{\varphi }D=T_{0,\psi, \varphi },\qquad M_{\psi}D C_{\varphi }=T_{0,\psi \varphi ',\varphi },\qquad C_{\varphi }M_{\psi}D=T_{0,\psi\circ \varphi ,\varphi }, \\& C_{\varphi }DM_{\psi}=T_{\psi'\circ \varphi ,\psi\circ \varphi ,\varphi },\qquad DM_{\psi}C_{\varphi }=T_{\psi',\psi \varphi ',\varphi },\qquad DC_{\varphi }M_{\psi}=T_{\varphi '\psi'\circ \varphi ,\varphi '\psi\circ \varphi ,\varphi }. \end{aligned}$$

Furthermore, by using this operator all possible difference operators of product-type operators in (1) can also be obtained. For example

$$\begin{aligned}& M_{\psi_{1}}C_{\varphi }D-M_{\psi_{2}}DC_{\varphi }=T_{0,\psi_{1}-\psi_{2}\varphi ',\varphi },\qquad M_{\psi_{1}}C_{\varphi }D-C_{\varphi }M_{\psi_{2}}D=T_{0,\psi_{1}-\psi_{2}\circ \varphi ,\varphi }, \\& M_{\psi_{1}}C_{\varphi }D-C_{\varphi }DM_{\psi_{2}}=T_{-\psi'_{2}\circ \varphi ,\psi _{1}-\psi_{2}\circ \varphi ,\varphi },\qquad M_{\psi_{1}}C_{\varphi }D-DM_{\psi_{2}}C_{\varphi }=T_{-\psi'_{2},\psi_{1}-\psi_{2}\varphi ',\varphi }, \\& M_{\psi_{1}}C_{\varphi }D-DC_{\varphi }M_{\psi_{2}}=T_{-\varphi '\psi_{2}'\circ \varphi ,\psi _{1}-\varphi '\psi_{2}\circ \varphi ,\varphi },\qquad M_{\psi_{1}}D C_{\varphi }-C_{\varphi }M_{\psi_{2}}D=T_{0,\psi_{1}\varphi '-\psi_{2}\circ \varphi ,\varphi }, \\& M_{\psi_{1}}D C_{\varphi }-C_{\varphi }DM_{\psi_{2}}=T_{-\psi_{2}'\circ \varphi ,\psi _{1}\varphi '-\psi_{2}\circ \varphi ,\varphi },\qquad M_{\psi_{1}}D C_{\varphi }-DM_{\psi_{2}}C_{\varphi }=T_{-\psi_{2}',(\psi_{1}-\psi _{2})\varphi ',\varphi }, \\& M_{\psi_{1}}D C_{\varphi }-DC_{\varphi }M_{\psi_{2}}=T_{-\varphi '\psi_{2}'\circ \varphi ,\psi _{1}\varphi '-\varphi '\psi_{2}\circ \varphi ,\varphi },\\& C_{\varphi }M_{\psi_{1}}D-C_{\varphi }DM_{\psi_{2}}=T_{-\psi_{2}'\circ \varphi ,(\psi _{1}-\psi_{2})\circ \varphi ,\varphi }, \\& C_{\varphi }M_{\psi_{1}}D-DM_{\psi_{2}}C_{\varphi }=T_{-\psi_{2}',\psi_{1}\varphi -\psi _{2}\varphi ',\varphi },\\& C_{\varphi }M_{\psi_{1}}D-DC_{\varphi }M_{\psi_{2}}=T_{-\varphi '\psi_{2}'\circ \varphi ,\psi_{1}\circ \varphi -\varphi '\psi_{2}\circ \varphi ,\varphi }, \\& C_{\varphi }DM_{\psi_{1}}-DM_{\psi_{2}} C_{\varphi }=T_{\psi_{1}'\circ \varphi -\psi _{2}',\psi_{1}\circ \varphi -\psi_{2}\varphi ,\varphi },\\& C_{\varphi }DM_{\psi_{1}}-DC_{\varphi }M_{\psi_{2}}=T_{\psi_{1}'\circ \varphi -\varphi '\psi _{2}\circ \varphi ,\psi_{1}\circ \varphi -\varphi '\psi_{2}\circ \varphi ,\varphi }, \\& DM_{\psi_{1}}C_{\varphi }-DC_{\varphi }M_{\psi_{2}}=T_{\psi_{1}'-\varphi '\psi_{2}\circ \varphi ,\psi_{1}\varphi '-\varphi '\psi_{2}\circ \varphi ,\varphi }, \end{aligned}$$

etc., where \(\psi_{1},\psi_{2}\in H({\mathbb{D}})\). In this paper we characterize the boundedness and compactness of the Stević-Sharma operator from the Zygmund space to the Bloch-Orlicz space. As the applications of our main results, readers can obtain some characterizations for the boundedness and compactness for all six product-type operators in (1), as well as above mentioned differences operators from the Zygmund space to the Bloch-Orlicz space.

Now we present the needed spaces and some facts. For \(\alpha >0\), the weighted Zygmund space \(\mathcal{Z}_{\alpha }\) consists of all \(f\in H({\mathbb{D}})\) such that

$$\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\bigl(1-|z|^{2}\bigr)^{\alpha }\bigl|f''(z)\bigr|< \infty. $$

It is a Banach space with the norm

$$\|f\|_{\mathcal{Z}_{\alpha }}=\bigl|f(0)\bigr|+\bigl|f'(0)\bigr|+\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}} \bigl(1-|z|^{2}\bigr)^{\alpha}\bigl|f''(z)\bigr|. $$

When \(\alpha =1\), this space is the Zygmund space and is denoted by \(\mathcal{Z}\) [32]. From Zygmund’s theorem (see Theorem 5.3 in [33]), we know that \(f\in \mathcal{Z}\) if and only if f is continuous on \(\overline{{\mathbb{D}}}\) and

$$\sup_{h>0,\theta\in {\mathbb{R}}}\frac{|f(e^{i(\theta+h)})+f(e^{i(\theta -h)})-2f(e^{i\theta})|}{h}< \infty. $$

For some results on Zygmund-type spaces and some concrete operators on them, see, for example, [15, 23, 32] and the references therein.

Recently, the Bloch-Orlicz space was introduced in [4] by Ramos Fernández. More precisely, let Ψ be a strictly increasing convex function such that \(\Psi(0)=0\). From these conditions it follows that \(\lim_{t\to+\infty}\Psi(t)=+\infty\). The Bloch-Orlicz space associated with the function Ψ, denoted by \(\mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\), is the class of all \(f\in H({\mathbb{D}})\) such that

$$\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\bigl(1-|z|^{2}\bigr)\Psi\bigl( \lambda\bigl|f'(z)\bigr|\bigr)< \infty $$

for some \(\lambda>0\) depending on f. The Minkowski functional

$$\|f\|_{\Psi}=\inf \biggl\{ k>0:S_{\Psi}\biggl(\frac{f'}{k} \biggr)\leq 1 \biggr\} $$

defines a seminorm for \(\mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\), where

$$S_{\Psi}(f)=\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\bigl(1-|z|^{2}\bigr) \Psi\bigl(\bigl|f(z)\bigr|\bigr). $$

Moreover, \(\mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is a Banach space with the norm

$$\|f\|_{\mathcal{B}^{\Psi}}=\bigl|f(0)\bigr|+\|f\|_{\Psi}. $$

In fact, Ramos Fernández in [4] proved that \(\mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is isometrically equal to \(\mu_{\Psi}\)-Bloch space, where

$$\mu_{\Psi}(z)=\frac{1}{\Psi^{-1}(\frac{1}{1-|z|^{2}})},\quad z\in {\mathbb{D}}. $$

Thus, for \(f\in \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) it follows that

$$\|f\|_{\mathcal{B}^{\Psi}}=\bigl|f(0)\bigr|+\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\mu_{\Psi}(z)\bigl|f'(z)\bigr|. $$

This equivalent norm is useful to us for the study of operator \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }\) from the Zygmund space to the Bloch-Orlicz space. It is obvious to see that if \(\Psi(t)=t^{p}\) with \(p>0\), then the space \(\mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) coincides with the weighted Bloch space \(\mathcal{B}^{\alpha }\), where \(\alpha =1/p\). Also, if \(\Psi(t)=t\log(1+t)\), then \(\mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) coincides with the Log-Bloch space (see [34]). For the generalization of the Log-Bloch spaces, see, for example, [35, 36].

Let X and Y be Banach spaces. It is said that a linear operator \(L:X\to Y \) is bounded if there exists a positive constant K such that

$$\|Lf\|_{Y}\leq K\|f\|_{X} $$

for all \(f\in X\). The operator \(L:X\rightarrow Y\) is said to be compact if it maps bounded sets into relatively compact sets. It is well known that the norm of operator \(L:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is defined by

$$\|L\|_{\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}}=\sup_{\|f\|_{\mathcal{Z}}\leq1}\|Lf\|_{\mathcal{B}^{\Psi}} $$

and written by \(\|L\|\).

Throughout this paper, a positive constant C may differ from one occurrence to the other. The notation \(a\lesssim b\) means that there exists a positive constant C such that \(a\leq Cb\). When \(a\lesssim b\) and \(b\lesssim a\), we write \(a\simeq b\).

2 Main results and proofs

In order to characterize the compactness, we need the following result, which is proved in a standard way [5]. So, the proof is omitted.

Lemma 1

Let φ be an analytic self-map of \({\mathbb{D}}\) and \(\psi_{1},\psi_{2}\in H({\mathbb{D}})\). Then the bounded operator \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is compact if and only if for every bounded sequence \(\{f_{j}\}_{j\in {\mathbb{N}}}\) in \(\mathcal{Z}\) such that \(f_{j}\to0\) uniformly on every compact subset of \({\mathbb{D}}\) as \(j\to\infty\), it follows that

$$\lim_{j\to\infty}\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }f_{j} \|_{\mathcal{B}^{\Psi}}=0. $$

We state the following useful result whose first estimate was essentially proved in [37], while the second essentially follows from the point evaluation estimate for the Bloch functions (see, e.g., [38]). See also [2].

Lemma 2

For each \(f\in \mathcal{Z}\) and \(z\in {\mathbb{D}}\), it follows that

$$\bigl|f(z)\bigr|\leq\|f\|_{\mathcal{Z}}\quad\textit{and}\quad \bigl|f'(z)\bigr|\leq\log \frac {e}{1-|z|^{2}}\|f\|_{\mathcal{Z}}. $$

The following lemma was proved in [37], Lemma 2.5.

Lemma 3

Let \(\{f_{j}\}_{j\in {\mathbb{N}}}\) be a bounded sequence in \(\mathcal{Z}\) which uniformly converges to zero on compact subsets of \({\mathbb{D}}\) as \(j\to\infty\). Then

$$\lim_{j\to\infty}\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\bigl|f_{j}(z)\bigr|=0. $$

For \(w\in {\mathbb{D}}\) and \(1/2<|w|<1\), we define the function

$$f_{w}(z)= \biggl(z-\frac{1}{\overline{w}} \biggr) \biggl[ \biggl(1+\log \frac {e}{1-\overline{w}z} \biggr)^{2}+1 \biggr]. $$

By using this function, the test functions in the Zygmund space can be obtained as follows:

$$\begin{aligned}& g_{w}(z)=f_{w}(z) \biggl(\log\frac{e}{1-|w|^{2}} \biggr)^{-1}, \\& h_{w}(z)=f_{w}(z) \biggl(\log\frac{e}{1-|w|^{2}} \biggr)^{-1} -\int_{0}^{z}\log \frac{e}{1-\overline{w}\lambda}\,d\lambda. \end{aligned}$$

From [9] we have the next result on the functions \(g_{w}\) and \(h_{w}\).

Lemma 4

Let \(w\in {\mathbb{D}}\) and \(1/2<|w|<1\). Then

$$g_{w}'(w)=\log\frac{e}{1-|w|^{2}},\qquad g''_{w}(w)= \frac{2\overline {w}}{1-|w|^{2}}, \qquad h''_{w}(w)= \frac{\overline{w}}{1-|w|^{2}}. $$

Moreover,

$$\sup_{1/2< |w|< 1}\|g_{w}\|_{\mathcal{Z}}\lesssim1, \qquad\sup _{1/2< |w|< 1}\| h_{w}\|_{\mathcal{Z}}\lesssim1. $$

Now we characterize the boundedness of the operator \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi _{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\).

Theorem 1

Let φ be an analytic self-map of \({\mathbb{D}}\) and \(\psi_{1},\psi_{2}\in H({\mathbb{D}})\). Then the following statements are equivalent.

  1. (i)

    The operator \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is bounded.

  2. (ii)

    The functions \(\psi_{1}\), \(\psi_{2}\), and φ satisfy the following conditions:

    $$\begin{aligned}& M_{1}:=\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\mu_{\Psi}(z)\bigl| \psi_{1}'(z)\bigr|< \infty,\\& M_{2}:=\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl| \psi_{1}(z)\varphi '(z)+\psi _{2}'(z) \bigr| \log\frac{e}{1-|\varphi (z)|^{2}}< \infty, \end{aligned}$$

    and

    $$M_{3}:=\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\frac{\mu_{\Psi}(z)|\psi_{2}(z)||\varphi '(z)|}{1-|\varphi (z)|^{2}}< \infty. $$

Moreover, if the operator \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is nonzero and bounded, then

$$\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi } \|\simeq1+M_{1}+M_{2}+M_{3}. $$

Proof

(i) (ii). Suppose that \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is bounded. For a fixed \(w\in {\mathbb{D}}\) and \(|\varphi (w)|>1/2\), let \(f(z)=h_{\varphi (w)}(z)-c_{1}+c_{2}\), where

$$c_{1}=g_{\varphi (w)}\bigl(\varphi (w)\bigr)=f_{\varphi (w)}\bigl(\varphi (w) \bigr) \biggl(\log\frac {e}{1-|\varphi (w)|^{2}} \biggr)^{-1},\qquad c_{2}=\int _{0}^{\varphi (w)}\log\frac{e}{1-\overline{\varphi (w)}\lambda }\,d\lambda. $$

Then by Lemma 4

$$f\bigl(\varphi (w)\bigr)=f'\bigl(\varphi (w)\bigr)=0,\qquad f'' \bigl(\varphi (w)\bigr)=h''_{\varphi (w)}\bigl(\varphi (w) \bigr)=\frac{\overline{\varphi (w)}}{1-|\varphi (w)|^{2}}. $$

By using the boundedness of \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi }\) to the function f, we have

$$\begin{aligned} M_{3}(w)&:=\frac{\mu_{\Psi}(w)|\varphi (w)||\psi_{2}(w)||\varphi '(w)|}{1-|\varphi (w)|^{2}} =\mu_{\Psi}(w) \bigl| (T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }f )'(w) \bigr| \leq C \|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi } \|, \end{aligned}$$
(3)

from which we get

$$\begin{aligned} \sup_{|\varphi (z)|>1/2}M_{3}(z)\leq C\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi } \|. \end{aligned}$$
(4)

From (4) it follows that

$$\begin{aligned} \sup_{|\varphi (z)|>1/2}&\frac{\mu_{\Psi}(z)|\psi_{2}(z)||\varphi '(z)|}{1-|\varphi (z)|^{2}} \leq2\sup_{|\varphi (z)|>1/2}M_{3}(z) \leq C\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }\| . \end{aligned}$$
(5)

Let \(h_{0}(z)\equiv1\in \mathcal{Z}\). Then by the boundedness of \(T_{\psi _{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\), we obtain

$$\begin{aligned} M_{1}=\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\mu_{\Psi}(z)\bigl| \psi_{1}'(z)\bigr|\leq\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi _{2},\varphi }h_{0}\|\leq C\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }\|. \end{aligned}$$
(6)

Considering \(h_{1}(z)=z\in \mathcal{Z}\), by the boundedness of \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi _{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) we have

$$\begin{aligned} \sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl|\psi_{1}'(z) \varphi (z)+\psi_{1}(z)\varphi '(z)+\psi_{2}'(z) \bigr| \leq C\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }\|. \end{aligned}$$
(7)

From (6), (7), the boundedness of φ, and the triangle inequality, we obtain

$$\begin{aligned} L_{1}:=\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl| \psi_{1}(z)\varphi '(z)+\psi _{2}'(z) \bigr| \leq C\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }\|. \end{aligned}$$
(8)

Considering \(h_{2}(z)=z^{2}\in \mathcal{Z}\), we have

$$\begin{aligned} \sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl|\psi_{1}'(z) \bigl(\varphi (z)\bigr)^{2}+2 \bigl(\psi _{1}(z) \varphi '(z)+\psi_{2}'(z) \bigr)\varphi (z)+2 \psi_{2}(z)\varphi '(z) \bigr| \leq C\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi } \|. \end{aligned}$$
(9)

From (6), (8), (9), the boundedness of \(\varphi ^{2}\), and the triangle inequality, we get

$$\begin{aligned} L_{2}:=\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\mu_{\Psi}(z)\bigl| \psi_{2}(z)\bigr|\bigl|\varphi '(z)\bigr| \leq C\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi } \|. \end{aligned}$$
(10)

Then from (10) we have

$$\begin{aligned} \sup_{|\varphi (z)|\leq1/2}\frac{\mu_{\Psi}(z)|\psi_{2}(z)||\varphi '(z)|}{1-|\varphi (z)|^{2}} \leq C\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi } \|. \end{aligned}$$
(11)

From (5) and (11) we finally have \(M_{3}<\infty\).

Now we prove that \(M_{2}<\infty\). For a fixed \(w\in {\mathbb{D}}\) and \(|\varphi (w)|>1/2\), let \(g(z)=g_{\varphi (w)}(z)-c_{1}\). Then

$$g\bigl(\varphi (w)\bigr)=0,\qquad g'\bigl(\varphi (w)\bigr)=\log\frac{e}{1-|\varphi (w)|^{2}},\qquad g''\bigl(\varphi (w)\bigr)=\frac{2\overline{\varphi (w)}}{1-|\varphi (w)|^{2}}. $$

By using the boundedness of \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\), we have

$$\begin{aligned} &\mu_{\Psi}(w) \biggl| \bigl(\psi_{1}(w)\varphi '(w)+ \psi_{2}'(w) \bigr)\log \frac{e}{1-|\varphi (w)|^{2}} +2 \frac{\overline{\varphi (w)}\psi_{2}(w)\varphi '(w)}{1-|\varphi (w)|^{2}}\biggr| \\ &\quad=\mu_{\Psi}(w) \bigl| (T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }g )'(w) \bigr|\leq C \|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }\|. \end{aligned}$$
(12)

From (4), (12), and the triangle inequality, it follows that

$$\begin{aligned} \mu_{\Psi}(w) \bigl|\psi_{1}(w)\varphi '(w)+ \psi_{2}'(w) \bigr|\log\frac {e}{1-|\varphi (w)|^{2}} &\leq2M_{3}(w)+C \|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }\| \\ &\leq C\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi _{2},\varphi }\|, \end{aligned}$$
(13)

and then

$$\begin{aligned} \sup_{|\varphi (z)|>1/2}\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl|\psi_{1}(z) \varphi '(z)+\psi _{2}'(z) \bigr|\log\frac{e}{1-|\varphi (z)|^{2}} \leq C\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }\|. \end{aligned}$$
(14)

From (8), we obtain

$$\begin{aligned} \sup_{|\varphi (z)|\leq1/2}\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl|\psi_{1}(z) \varphi '(z)+\psi _{2}'(z) \bigr|\log\frac{e}{1-|\varphi (z)|^{2}} \leq L_{1}\log\frac{4e}{3} \leq C\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi } \|. \end{aligned}$$
(15)

Hence, from (14) and (15) we have \(M_{2}<\infty\).

(ii) (i). By Lemma 2, for all \(f\in \mathcal{Z}\) we have

$$\begin{aligned} &\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl|(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }f )'(z) \bigr| \\ &\quad=\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl|\psi_{1}'(z)f\bigl(\varphi (z) \bigr)+ \bigl(\psi_{1}(z)\varphi '(z)+\psi_{2}'(z) \bigr)f'\bigl(\varphi (z)\bigr)+\psi_{2}(z) \varphi '(z)f''\bigl(\varphi (z)\bigr) \bigr| \\ &\quad\leq\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl( \bigl|\psi_{1}'(z) \bigr| \bigl|f \bigl(\varphi (z)\bigr) \bigr|+ \bigl|\psi_{1}(z)\varphi '(z)+ \psi_{2}'(z) \bigr| \bigl|f'\bigl(\varphi (z)\bigr) \bigr| \\ &\qquad{} + \bigl| \psi_{2}(z) \bigr| \bigl|\varphi '(z) \bigr| \bigl|f'' \bigl(\varphi (z)\bigr) \bigr| \bigr) \\ &\quad\leq(M_{1}+M_{2}+M_{3})\|f\|_{\mathcal{Z}}. \end{aligned}$$
(16)

It is clear that

$$\begin{aligned} \bigl|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }f(0)\bigr|\leq C\|f\|_{\mathcal{Z}}. \end{aligned}$$
(17)

Hence from (16) and (17) it follows that \(T_{\psi _{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is bounded.

Suppose that the operator \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is nonzero and bounded. Then from the proof of (i) (ii) it is not hard to see that

$$\begin{aligned} M_{1}+M_{2}+M_{3}\lesssim\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi } \|. \end{aligned}$$
(18)

Since the operator \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is nonzero, we have \(\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }\|>0\). From this we can find a positive constant C such that \(1\leq C\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }\|\), which means that

$$\begin{aligned} 1\lesssim\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }\|. \end{aligned}$$
(19)

Then combing (18) and (19) gives

$$\begin{aligned} 1+M_{1}+M_{2}+M_{3}\lesssim\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi } \|. \end{aligned}$$
(20)

It is clear from (16) and (17) that

$$\begin{aligned} \|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }\|\lesssim1+M_{1}+M_{2}+M_{3}. \end{aligned}$$
(21)

Hence from (20) and (21) the asymptotic expression of \(\| T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }\|\) follows. The proof is finished. □

Next we characterize the compactness of operator \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi _{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\).

Theorem 2

Let φ be an analytic self-map of \({\mathbb{D}}\) and \(\psi_{1},\psi_{2}\in H({\mathbb{D}})\). Then the following statements are equivalent.

  1. (i)

    The operator \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is compact.

  2. (ii)

    The functions \(\psi_{1}\), \(\psi_{2}\), and φ satisfy the following conditions:

    $$\begin{aligned}& M_{1}:=\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl| \psi'_{1}(z) \bigr|< \infty, \\& L_{1}:=\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl| \psi_{1}(z)\varphi '(z)+\psi _{2}'(z) \bigr|< \infty, \\& L_{2}:=\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\mu_{\Psi}(z)\bigl| \psi_{2}(z)\bigr|\bigl|\varphi '(z)\bigr|< \infty , \\& \lim_{|\varphi (z)|\to1^{-}}\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl|\psi_{1}(z) \varphi '(z)+\psi _{2}'(z) \bigr|\log \frac{e}{1-|\varphi (z)|^{2}}=0, \end{aligned}$$

    and

    $$\lim_{|\varphi (z)|\to1^{-}}\frac{\mu_{\Psi}(z)|\psi_{2}(z)||\varphi '(z)|}{1-|\varphi (z)|^{2}}=0. $$

Proof

(i) (ii). Suppose that (i) holds. Then it is clear that the operator \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is bounded. In the proof of Theorem 1, we have shown that \(M_{1}<\infty\), \(L_{1}<\infty\) and \(L_{2}<\infty\). Consider a sequence \(\{\varphi (z_{i})\}_{i\in {\mathbb{N}}}\) in \({\mathbb{D}}\) such that \(|\varphi (z_{i})|\to1^{-}\) as \(i\to\infty\). If such a sequence does not exist, then the last two conditions (ii) obviously hold. We may suppose, without loss of generality, that \(|\varphi (z_{i})|>1/2\) for all \(i\in {\mathbb{N}}\). Using this sequence, we define the function sequence

$$f_{i}(z)=f_{\varphi (z_{i})}(z) \biggl(\log\frac{e}{1-|\varphi (z_{i})|^{2}} \biggr)^{-1} - \biggl(\log\frac{e}{1-|\varphi (z_{i})|^{2}} \biggr)^{-2}\int _{0}^{z}\log ^{3}\frac{e}{1-\overline{\varphi (z_{i})}w}\,dw. $$

Then from a calculation we see that \(\sup_{i\in {\mathbb{N}}}\|f_{i}\|_{\mathcal{Z}}\leq C\) and \(f_{i}\to0\) uniformly on every compact subset of \({\mathbb{D}}\) as \(i\to\infty\). So by Lemma 1

$$\lim_{i\to\infty}\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }f_{i} \|_{\mathcal{B}^{\Psi}}=0. $$

Moreover, we have

$$f'_{i}\bigl(\varphi (z_{i})\bigr)=0,\qquad f_{i}''\bigl(\varphi (z_{i})\bigr)=- \frac{\overline{\varphi (z_{i})}}{1-|\varphi (z_{i})|^{2}}. $$

Hence we get

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl|\frac{\mu_{\Psi}(z_{i})|\psi_{2}(z_{i})||\varphi '(z_{i})||\varphi (z_{i})|}{1-|\varphi (z_{i})|^{2}} -\mu_{\Psi}(z_{i}) \bigl|\psi_{1}'(z_{i}) \bigr| \bigl|f_{i}\bigl(\varphi (z_{i})\bigr) \bigr| \biggr| \leq \|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }f_{i}\|_{\mathcal{B}^{\Psi}}. \end{aligned}$$

From this, Lemmas 1 and 3, and since \(M_{1}\) is finite, we obtain

$$\begin{aligned} \lim_{i\to\infty}\frac{\mu_{\Psi}(z_{i})|\psi_{2}(z_{i})||\varphi '(z_{i})|}{1-|\varphi (z_{i})|^{2}}=0. \end{aligned}$$
(22)

On the other hand, take the sequence \(g_{i}(z)=g_{\varphi (z_{i})}(z)-c_{i}\), \(i\in {\mathbb{N}}\), where \(c_{i}=g_{\varphi (z_{i})}(\varphi (z_{i}))\). Then \(\sup_{i\in {\mathbb{N}}}\|g_{i}\|_{\mathcal{Z}}\leq C\),

$$g_{i}\bigl(\varphi (z_{i})\bigr)=0,\qquad g_{i}' \bigl(\varphi (z_{i})\bigr)=\log\frac{e}{1-|\varphi (z_{i})|^{2}},\qquad g_{i}''(z_{i})= \frac{2\overline{\varphi (z_{i})}}{1-|\varphi (z_{i})|^{2}}. $$

Hence we have

$$\mu_{\Psi}(z_{i}) \biggl| \bigl(\psi_{1}(z_{i}) \varphi '(z_{i})+\psi_{2}'(z_{i}) \bigr)\log\frac{e}{1-|\varphi (z_{i})|^{2}} +\frac{2\overline{\varphi (z_{i})}}{1-|\varphi (z_{i})|^{2}}\biggr|\leq\|T_{\psi _{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }g_{i} \|_{\mathcal{B}^{\Psi}}. $$

By the compactness \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\), Lemma 1 and (22), we get

$$\begin{aligned} \lim_{i\to\infty}\mu_{\Psi}(z_{i}) \bigl| \psi_{1}(z_{i})\varphi '(z_{i})+\psi _{2}'(z_{i}) \bigr|\log\frac{e}{1-|\varphi (z_{i})|^{2}}=0. \end{aligned}$$

(ii) (i). We first prove that \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is bounded. We observe that the conditions in (ii) imply that for every \(\varepsilon>0\), there is an \(\eta\in(0,1)\), such that for any \(z\in K=\{z\in {\mathbb{D}}:|\varphi (z)|>\eta\}\)

$$\begin{aligned} R_{1}(z):=\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl|\psi_{1}(z) \varphi '(z)+\psi_{2}'(z) \bigr|\log \frac{e}{1-|\varphi (z)|^{2}}< \varepsilon \end{aligned}$$
(23)

and

$$\begin{aligned} R_{2}(z):=\frac{\mu_{\Psi}(z)|\psi_{2}(z)||\varphi '(z)|}{1-|\varphi (z)|^{2}}< \varepsilon. \end{aligned}$$
(24)

From the fact \(L_{1}<\infty\) and (23), we obtain

$$M_{2}=\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl| \psi_{1}(z)\varphi '(z)+\psi _{2}'(z) \bigr| \log\frac{e}{1-|\varphi (z)|^{2}}\leq\varepsilon+ L_{1}\log\frac{e}{1-\eta^{2}}. $$

From the fact \(L_{2}<\infty\) and (24), we also obtain

$$M_{3}=\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\frac{\mu_{\Psi}(z)|\psi_{2}(z)||\varphi '(z)|}{1-|\varphi (z)|^{2}}\leq\varepsilon+ \frac{L_{2}}{1-\eta^{2}}. $$

Hence from Theorem 1 it follows that the operator \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi _{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is bounded.

In order to prove that the operator \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is compact, by Lemma 1 we just need to prove that, if \(\{f_{i}\}_{i\in {\mathbb{N}}}\) is a sequence in \(\mathcal{Z}\) such that \(\sup_{i\in {\mathbb{N}}}\|f_{i}\|_{\mathcal{Z}}\leq M\) and \(f_{i}\to0\) uniformly on any compact subset of \({\mathbb{D}}\) as \(i\to\infty\), then

$$\lim_{i\to\infty}\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }f_{i} \|_{\mathcal{B}^{\Psi}}=0. $$

For such a chosen ε and η, by using (23), (24), and Lemma 2 we have

$$\begin{aligned} &\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl|(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }f_{i} )'(z) \bigr| \\ &\quad=\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl|\psi_{1}'(z)f_{i} \bigl(\varphi (z)\bigr)+ \bigl(\psi_{1}(z)\varphi '(z)+ \psi_{2}'(z) \bigr)f_{i}'\bigl( \varphi (z)\bigr)+\varphi '(z)\psi_{2}(z)f_{i}'' \bigl(\varphi (z)\bigr) \bigr| \\ &\quad\leq\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl( \bigl|\psi_{1}'(z) \bigr| \bigl|f_{i}\bigl(\varphi (z)\bigr) \bigr|+ \bigl|\psi_{1}(z) \varphi '(z)+\psi_{2}'(z) \bigr| \bigl|f_{i}' \bigl(\varphi (z)\bigr) \bigr| \\ &\qquad{}+ \bigl|\varphi '(z) \bigr| \bigl|\psi_{2}(z) \bigr| \bigl|f_{i}''\bigl(\varphi (z)\bigr) \bigr| \bigr) \\ &\quad\leq M_{1}\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\bigl|f_{i}(z)\bigr|+ \Bigl( \sup_{z\in K}+\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}\setminus K} \Bigr) \mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl|\psi_{1}(z)\varphi '(z)+ \psi_{2}'(z) \bigr| \bigl|f_{i}'\bigl(\varphi (z) \bigr) \bigr| \\ &\qquad{} + \Bigl(\sup_{z\in K}+\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}\setminus K} \Bigr)\mu _{\Psi}(z) \bigl|\varphi '(z) \bigr| \bigl|\psi_{2}(z) \bigr| \bigl|f_{i}''\bigl(\varphi (z)\bigr) \bigr| \\ &\quad\leq2\varepsilon+M_{1}\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\bigl|f_{i}(z)\bigr|+L_{1} \sup_{|z|\leq\eta }\bigl|f_{i}'(z)\bigr| +L_{2} \sup_{|z|\leq\eta}\bigl|f_{i}''(z)\bigr|. \end{aligned}$$
(25)

Since \(f_{i}\to\) uniformly on compact subsets of \({\mathbb{D}}\) as \(i\to\infty\) implies that for each \(k\in {\mathbb{N}}\), \(f_{i}^{(k)}\to0\) uniformly on compact subsets of \({\mathbb{D}}\) as \(i\to\infty\), from (25) and Lemma 3 we get

$$\lim_{i\to\infty}\sup_{z\in {\mathbb{D}}}\mu_{\Psi}(z) \bigl|(T_{\psi _{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }f_{i})'(z) \bigr|=0. $$

It is clear that

$$\begin{aligned} \lim_{i\to\infty} \bigl|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }f_{i}(0) \bigr|=0. \end{aligned}$$
(26)

From (25) and (26) we obtain

$$\begin{aligned} \lim_{i\to\infty}\|T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }f_{i} \|_{\mathcal{B}^{\Psi}}=0. \end{aligned}$$
(27)

Hence from (27) and Lemma 1, we see that \(T_{\psi_{1},\psi_{2},\varphi }:\mathcal{Z}\to \mathcal{B}^{\Psi}\) is compact. The proof is finished. □

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank the anonymous referee very much for providing valuable suggestions for the improvement of this paper. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11201323), the Key Fund Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education (No. 15ZA0221), the Sichuan Province University Key Laboratory of Bridge Non-destruction Detecting and Engineering Computing (No. 2013QZJ01) and the Cultivation Project of Sichuan University of Science and Engineering (No. 2015PY04).

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Jiang, Zj. On Stević-Sharma operator from the Zygmund space to the Bloch-Orlicz space. Adv Differ Equ 2015, 228 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13662-015-0567-7

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