Table 3 Comparison of L2-error \(\pmb{(\|u-u_{h}\|_{0})}\) using standard FEM, stable XFEM and modified intrinsic XFEM

1.29367331 × 10⁻²

5.85229689 × 10⁻⁴

5.97809622 × 10⁻⁴

6.11857595 × 10⁻³

1.31518929 × 10⁻⁴

1.55184343 × 10⁻⁴

2.97964019 × 10⁻³

3.12260721 × 10⁻⁵

3.14410816 × 10⁻⁵

1.47079316 × 10⁻³

7.61075872 × 10⁻⁶

8.09627168 × 10⁻⁶

7.30756777 × 10⁻⁴

1.87886932 × 10⁻⁶

2.47196080 × 10⁻⁶