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Mild Solutions for Fractional Differential Equations with Nonlocal Conditions
Advances in Difference Equations volume 2010, Article number: 287861 (2010)
Abstract
This paper is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of mild solution of the fractional differential equations with nonlocal conditions , in a Banach space , where . General existence and uniqueness theorem, which extends many previous results, are given.
1. Introduction
The fractional differential equations can be used to describe many phenomena arising in engineering, physics, economy, and science, so they have been studied extensively (see, e.g., [1–8] and references therein).
In this paper, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of mild solution for
where ,  ,  and generates an analytic compact semigroup of uniformly bounded linear operators on a Banach space . The term which may be interpreted as a control on the system is defined by
where (the set of all positive function continuous on ) and
The functions and are continuous.
The nonlocal condition can be applied in physics with better effect than that of the classical initial condition . There have been many significant developments in the study of nonlocal Cauchy problems (see, e.g., [6, 7, 9–14] and references cited there).
In this paper, motivated by [1–7, 9–15] (especially the estimating approach given by Xiao and Liang [14]), we study the semilinear fractional differential equations with nonlocal condition (1.1) in a Banach space , assuming that the nonlinear map is defined on and is defined on where , for , the domain of the fractional power of . New and general existence and uniqueness theorem, which extends many previous results, are given.
2. Preliminaries
In this paper, we set , a compact interval in . We denote by a Banach space with norm . Let be the infinitesimal generator of a compact analytic semigroup of uniformly bounded linear operators , that is, there exists such that ; and without loss of generality, we assume that . So we can define the fractional power for , as a closed linear operator on its domain with inverse , and one has the following known result.
Lemma 2.1 (see [15]).
is a Banach space with the norm for .
   for each and .
For every and , .
For every , is bounded on and there exists such that
Definition 2.2.
A continuous function satisfying the equation
for is called a mild solution of (1.1).
In this paper, we use to denote the norm of whenever for some with . We denote by the Banach space endowed with the sup norm given by
for .
The following well-known theorem will be used later.
Theorem 2.3 (Krasnoselkii, see [16]).
Let be a closed convex and nonempty subset of a Banach space . Let be two operators such that
whenever .
is compact and continuous,
is a contraction mapping.
Then there exists such that .
3. Main Results
We require the following assumptions.
-
(H1)
The function is continuous, and there exists a positive function such that
(3.1)where .
-
(H2)
The function is continuous and there exists such that
(3.2)
for any .
Theorem 3.1.
Let be the infinitesimal generator of an analytic compact semigroup with and . If the maps and satisfy (H1), (H2), respectively, and , then (1.1) has a mild solution for every .
Proof.
Set and choose such that
where .
Let .
Define
Let , then for we have the estimates
Hence we obtain .
Now we show that is continuous. Let be a sequence of such that in . Then
since the function is continuous on . For , using (2.1), we have
In view of the fact that
and the function is integrable on , then the Lebesgue Dominated Convergence Theorem ensures that
Therefore, we can see that
which means that is continuous.
Noting that
we can see that is uniformly bounded on .
Next, we prove that is equicontinuous. Let , and let be small enough, then we have
Using (2.1) and (H1), we have
It follows from the assumption of that tends to 0 as . For , using the Hölder inequality, we can see that tends to 0 as and .
For , using (2.1), (H1), and the Hölder inequality, we have
Moreover,
Using the compactness of in implies the continuity of for integrating with , we see that tends to , as . For , from the assumption of and the Hölder inequality, it is easy to see that tends to 0 as and .
Thus, , as , which does not depend on .
So, is relatively compact. By the Arzela-Ascoli Theorem, is compact.
Now, let us prove that is a contraction mapping. For and , we have
So, we obtain
We now conclude the result of the theorem by Krasnoselkii's theorem.
Now we assume the following.
(H3) There exists a positive function such that
the  function  belongs and
(H4) The function ,   satisfies
Theorem 3.2.
Let be the infinitesimal generator of an analytic semigroup with and . If and (H2)–(H4) hold, then (1.1) has a unique mild solution .
Proof.
Define the mapping by
Obviously, is well defined on .
Now take , then we have
Therefore, we obtain
and the result follows from the contraction mapping principle.
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Acknowledgment
This work is supported by the NSF of Yunnan Province (2009ZC054M).
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Li, F. Mild Solutions for Fractional Differential Equations with Nonlocal Conditions. Adv Differ Equ 2010, 287861 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/287861
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/287861