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Stability of an Additive-Cubic-Quartic Functional Equation
Advances in Difference Equations volume 2009, Article number: 395693 (2010)
Abstract
In this paper, we consider the additive-cubic-quartic functional equation and prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the additive-cubic-quartic functional equation in Banach spaces.
1. Introduction
The stability problem of functional equations is originated from a question of Ulam [1] concerning the stability of group homomorphisms. Hyers [2] gave a first affirmative partial answer to the question of Ulam for Banach spaces. Hyers' Theorem was generalized by Aoki [3] for additive mappings and by Rassias [4] for linear mappings by considering an unbounded Cauchy difference. The paper of Rassias [4] has provided a lot of influence in the development of what we callgeneralized Hyers-Ulam stability or asHyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of functional equations. A generalization of the Rassias theorem was obtained by Gvruta [8] by replacing the unbounded Cauchy difference by a general control function in the spirit of Rassias' approach (see [2, 5–13]).
Jun and Kim [14] introduced and investigate the following functional equation:
and prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability for the functional equation (1.1). Obviously, the function satisfies the functional equation (1.1), which is called a cubic functional equation. Every solution of the cubic functional equation is said to be a cubic mapping. Jun and Kim proved that a mapping between two real vector spaces and is a solution of (1.1) if and only if there exists a unique mapping such that for all ; moreover, is symmetric for each fixed one variable and is additive for fixed two variables.
In [15], Park and Bae considered the following quartic functional equation:
In fact, they proved that a mapping between two real vector spaces and is a solution of (1.2) if and only if there exists a unique symmetric multi-additive mapping such that for all (see [7, 11]). It is easy to show that the function satisfies the functional equation (1.2), which is called a quartic functional equation. Every solution of the quartic functional equation is said to be a quartic mapping.
In this paper, we aim to deal with the next functional equation derived from additive, cubic, and quadric mappings,
It is easy to show that the function satisfies the functional equation (1.3). We establish the general solution and prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability for the functional equation (1.3).
2. An Additive-Cubic-Quartic Functional Equation
Throughout this section, and will be real vector spaces. Before proceeding the proof of Theorem 2.4 which is the main result in this section, we shall need the following two lemmas.
Lemma 2.1.
If an even mapping satisfies (1.3), then is quartic.
Proof.
Putting in (1.3), we get . Setting in (1.3), by the evenness of , we obtain
for all . Hence (1.3) can be written as
for all . Replacing by in (1.3), we obtain
for all . By (2.1) and (2.3), we obtain
for all . According to (2.4), (2.2) can be written as
for all . This shows that is quartic, which completes the proof of the lemma.
Lemma 2.2.
If an odd mapping satisfies (1.3), then f is cubic-additive.
Proof.
We show that the mappings and , respectively, defined by and , are additive and cubic, respectively.
Since is odd, . Letting in (1.3), we obtain
for all . Hence (1.3) can be written as
for all . Replacing by and in (2.7), respectively, we get
for all . Replacing by in (2.7), we obtain
for all . Replacing by in (2.9), we get
for all . Replacing by and by in (2.9), we get
for all . Replacing by in (2.11), we get
for all .
Subtracting (2.12) from (2.10), we obtain
for all . By (2.8) and (2.13), we obtain
for all .
Replacing by in (2.14), we get
for all .
By (2.14) and (2.15), we obtain
for all .
By (2.7) and (2.16), we have
for all . Replacing by in (2.17), we get
for all . Replacing by in (2.18), respectively, we get
for all .
By (2.18) and (2.19), we obtain
for all . Replacing by in (2.17), respectively, we get
for all . Thus it follows from (2.20) and (2.21) that
for all . Replacing by in (2.22), we obtain
for all . Replacing by in (2.23), respectively, we get
for all . By (2.23) and (2.24), we obtain
for all . Adding (2.22) to (2.25) and using (2.17), we get
for all . The last equality means that
for all Thus the mapping is additive.
Replacing by in (2.17), respectively, we get
for all . Since for all
for all Hence it follows from (2.17) and (2.28) that
for all Thus the mapping is cubic.
On the other hand, we have for all This means that is cubic-additive. This completes the proof of the lemma.
The following is suggested by an anonymous referee.
Remark 2.3.
The functional equation (1.3) is equivalent to the functional equation
The left hand side is even with respect to and the right hand side is odd by the assumption of Lemma 2.2. Thus
So we conclude that , as desired.
Theorem 2.4.
If a mapping satisfies (1.3) for all , then there exist a unique additive mapping a unique mapping , and a unique symmetric multi-additive mapping such that for all and that is symmetric for each fixed one variable and is additive for fixed two variables.
Proof.
Let satisfy (1.3). We decompose into the even part and the odd part by setting
for all By (1.3), we have
for all This means that satisfies (1.3). Similarly we can show that satisfies (1.3). By Lemmas 2.1 and 2.2, and are quartic and cubic-additive, respectively. Thus there exist a unique additive mapping a unique mapping , and a unique symmetric multi-additive mapping such that and that for all and is symmetric for each fixed one variable and is additive for fixed two variables. Thus for all as desired.
3. Stability of an Additive-Cubic-Quartic Functional Equation
We now investigate the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability problem of the functional equation (1.3). From now on, let be a real vector space and let be a Banach space. Now before taking up the main subject, given , we define the difference operator by
for all We consider the following functional inequality:
for an upper bound
Theorem 3.1.
Let be fixed. Suppose that an even mapping satisfies and
for all If the upper bound is a function such that
and that for all then the limit
exists for all and is a unique quartic mapping satisfying (1.3) and
for all
Proof.
Putting in (3.3), we obtain
for all On the other hand, replacing by in (3.3), we get
for all By (3.7) and (3.8), we get
for all Replacing by in (3.9), we get
for all . It follows from (3.10) that
for all . It follows from (3.11) that
for all .
This shows that is a Cauchy sequence in . Since is complete, the sequence converges. We now define by
for all It is clear that (3.6) holds, and for all By (3.3), we have
for all Hence by Lemma 2.1, is quartic.
It remains to show that is unique. Suppose that there exists a quartic mapping which satisfies (1.3) and (3.6). Since and for all we conclude that
for all . By taking in this inequality, we have for all which gives the conclusion for the case Let Then by (3.9), we have
for all Replacing by in (3.16) and dividing by 16, we get
for all By (3.16) and (3.17), we obtain
for all It follows from (3.18) that
for all Dividing both sides of (3.19) by and then replacing by , we get
for all By taking in (3.20), is a Cauchy sequence in . Then exists for all It is easy to see that (3.6) holds for
The rest of the proof is similar to the case
Theorem 3.2.
Suppose that an odd mapping satisfies
for all If the upper bound is a function such that
and that for all then the limit
exists for all and is a unique additive mapping satisfying (1.3) and
for all
Proof.
Set in (3.21). Then by the oddness of , we have
for all Replacing by in (3.21), we obtain
for all . Combining (3.25) and (3.26) yields that
for all Putting and for all we get
for all . It follows from (3.28) that
for all Multiplying both sides of (3.29) by and then replacing by , we get
for all So is a Cauchy sequence in . Put for all Then we have
for all . On the other hand, it is easy to show that
for all Hence it follows that
for all This means that satisfies (1.3). Then by Lemma 2.2, is additive. Thus (3.31) implies that is additive.
To prove the uniqueness of , suppose that is an additive mapping satisfying (3.24). Then for every we have and Hence it follows that
for all . This shows that for all
Theorem 3.3.
Suppose that an odd mapping satisfies
for all If the upper bound is a function such that
and that
for all then the limit
exists for all and is a unique cubic mapping satisfying (1.3), and
for all
Proof.
It is easy to show that satisfies (3.27). Setting and then putting in (3.27), we obtain
for all It follows from (3.40) that
for all . Replacing by in (3.41) and then multiplying both sides of (3.41) by we get
for all . Since the right hand side of the inequality (3.42) tends to 0 as the sequence is Cauchy. Now we define
for all Then we have
for all Let
for all . Then we have
for all . Since is an odd mapping, satisfies (2.6). By (3.44), we conclude that for all Then is cubic.
We have to show that is unique. Suppose that there exists another cubic mapping which satisfies (1.3) and (3.39). Since and for all we have
for all By letting in the above inequality, we get for all which gives the conclusion.
Theorem 3.4.
Suppose that an odd mapping satisfies
for all If the upper bound is a function such that
and that for all then there exist a unique cubic mapping , and a unique additive mapping such that
for all
Proof.
By Theorems 3.2 and 3.3, there exist an additive mapping and a cubic mapping such that
for all Combining two equations in (3.51) yields that
for all So we get (3.50) by letting and for all
To prove the uniqueness of and let be other additive and cubic mappings satisfying (3.50). Let Then
for all Since
for all Hence (3.53) implies that
for all Since , by (3.55), we obtain that for all Again by (3.55), we have for all
Now we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the functional equation (1.3).
Theorem 3.5.
Suppose that a mapping satisfies and for all If the upper bound is a function such that
and that for all then there exist a unique additive mapping a unique cubic mapping , and a unique quartic mapping such that
for all .
Proof.
Let for all Then and
for all Hence in view of Theorem 3.1, there exists a unique quartic mapping satisfying (3.6). Let for all Then , and for all From Theorem 3.4, it follows that there exist a unique cubic mapping and a unique additive mapping satisfying (3.44). Now it is obvious that (3.57) holds for all and the proof of the theorem is complete.
Corollary 3.6.
Let and let be a positive real number. Suppose that a mapping satisfies and
for all Then there exist a unique additive mapping a unique cubic mapping , and a unique quartic mapping satisfying
for all .
Proof.
It follows from Theorem 3.5 by taking for all .
Theorem 3.7.
Suppose that an odd mapping satisfies
for all If the upper bound is a function such that
and that for all then the limit
exists for all and is a unique additive mapping satisfying (1.3) and
for all
Proof.
The proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 3.2.
Employing a similar way to the proof of Theorem 3.3, we get the following theorem.
Theorem 3.8.
Suppose that an odd mapping satisfies
for all If the upper bound is a function such that
and that for all then the limit
exists for all and is a unique cubic mapping satisfying (1.3), and
for all
Theorem 3.9.
Suppose that an odd mapping satisfies
for all If the upper bound is a function such that
and that for all then there exist a unique additive mapping , and a unique cubic mapping such that
for all
Proof.
The proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 3.4.
Theorem 3.10.
Suppose that satisfies and
for all If the upper bound is a function such that
and that for all then there exist a unique additive mapping a unique cubic mapping , and a unique quartic mapping such that
for all .
Proof.
The proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 3.5.
Corollary 3.11.
Let and let be a positive real number. Suppose that satisfies and
for all Then there exist a unique additive mapping a unique cubic mapping , and a unique quartic mapping satisfying
for all .
Corollary 3.12.
Let be a positive real number. Suppose that a mapping satisfies and for all Then there exist a unique additive mapping a unique cubic mapping , and a unique quartic mapping such that
for all .
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the referees for a number of valuable suggestions regarding a previous version of this paper. The third and corresponding author was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2009-0070788).
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Eshaghi-Gordji, M., Kaboli-Gharetapeh, S., Park, C. et al. Stability of an Additive-Cubic-Quartic Functional Equation. Adv Differ Equ 2009, 395693 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/395693
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/395693